Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printers use an extruder that is responsible for pushing the filament into a heater and nozzle assembly ultimately resulting in the deposition of the filament onto the build platform. This can either be a Bowden extruder or a Direct Drive Extruder.

While the ultimate purpose of both these systems is same, the assembly is slightly different. In a direct drive system, the extruder is mounted on the printhead which pushes the material directly into the nozzle. In a Bowden system, the extruder is mounted on to the printer frame and thus is at some distance from the nozzle. Thus the printhead receives the filament via a PTFE tube.

As explained, both systems perform the same function albeit with a slight variation and this variation induces some advantages and some disadvantages into the printing process impacting the performance of the 3D printer.

This begs the question, which extruder is better – The Bowden Extruder or a Direct Drive Extruder? Well, let’s have a look at both these systems and decide.

In contrast to a direct drive extrusion system, the extruder in a Bowden system is attached to the printer’s frame. It drives filament into the hot end by forcing it through a long PTFE tube (also known as a Bowden tube). This system, of course, has both benefits and drawbacks.

In a direct extrusion setup, the extruder pushes the filament directly into the nozzle. This certainly eliminates some drawbacks of the Bowden system, but it also has some of its own problems. Let us look at its advantages and disadvantages.

So, which systems is better you ask? Well, any system you use, be it a Bowden Extruder or a Direct Drive Extruder, both have its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice completely depends on a few factors that you should consider before making a decision.

Stability: The first is the frame’s and motion system’s stability. Many delta printers, for example, cannot withstand the weight and vibrations of a direct extruder. If your Cartesian or CoreXY printer has a sturdy structure, printing with a direct extruder should be no problem.

Print Speed: Print speed is also an important factor to consider. If you want to print quickly and precisely with standard materials, a Bowden extruder setup will be more suitable.

Material Range: Consider the materials you intend to print with. A direct extrusion system is probably the best option if you want to use flexible or abrasive filaments on a regular basis.

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